Always cook the beef thoroughly to kill bacteria. | Trellis Framework by Mediavine. Ground beef is a popular food in the United States. This odor can be described as putrid and tangy. (2016). This may cause unpleasant odors or taste. Last medically reviewed on December 18, 2019. Food safety basics. Ground beef's internal temperature should be 160F ( 71C) when cooked with a food thermometer. If this happens to you, turn off the stove, and regroup. All rights reserved. Play it safe when it comes to the food you put on the family table: Discard ground beef, whether raw or cooked, if it has been sitting too long on the kitchen counter or in the fridge. The Difference Between a Braise and a Pot Roast. How can you tell if ground beef is bad? On average, ground beef will last 2-3 days after the sell-by day. By simply looking at it, smelling and using your fingers to touch and feel the texture it's easy to tell if your ground beef has gone bad. It is safe to store ground beef in the refrigerator for 12 days, and eat leftovers within 4 days. If the beef is brown or grey, it's probably not safe to eat. 2.1 Step 1 - Examine the Expiration Date. Refrigeration Time According to the USDA, ground meats should be consumed 1-2 days after it is purchased. If cooked ground beef has turned a shade apart from brown, it is a sign it has gone bad. If you are making something like meatloaf where you need to mix other ingredients into raw ground beef and then cook it after, you must give your ground beef enough time to thaw safely in the refrigerator. How To Tell When Corned Beef Is Done Plus 3 Foolproof Cooking Methods? If only the interior is gray, you can bet that oxygen hasn't touched it to turn it red. Heating it wont make it any safer to eat, nor will cooking up a new meal with it. This is called freezer burn. Ground beef should reach an internal temperature of 160 F. Thats when it is done and is safe to eat. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Fresh ground beef should always be bright red in color. Waiting until your beef has an unpleasant odor or signs of spoilage to toss beef isn't necessarily the best option. If the meat is past its expiration date, its best to throw it away. Ground beef is a versatile meat that may be a staple item in many peoples diets. Up next: Yes, you can overcook ground beef (heres how not to). The beef, while it is being ground, comes into contact with oxygen, and we know from our brief science lesson earlier in the article, that when the pigment, oxymyoglobin, that is contained in ground beef, comes into contact with oxygen, a chemical reaction occurs which creates bacteria. Ground beef is commonly used to make burgers, meatballs, and sausage, as well as tacos, lasagna, and savory pies. Surprisingly enough, the color of ground beef isn't enough to raise the alarm. Asian-style stir fries often get a bad reputation for adding too much salt, MSG, and oil. If you're unsure whether your frozen ground beef is still good, there are a few things you can do to check. Finally, touch the beef. Play it safe when it comes to the food you put on the family table: Discard ground beef, whether raw or cooked, if it has been sitting too long on the kitchen counter or in the fridge. If youre not going to cook your ground beef within a few days of purchasing it, wrap it properly and put it in the freezer, making sure to mark thedate and type of meaton the packaging for reference later on. (2019). However, if the texture is sticky or slimy, it might signify rotting bacteria. Most at risk for food poisoning are pregnant women, young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. Meat that has turned bad will feel sticky, tacky, or slimy and should be thrown out. When ground beef is fresh, it smells fatty, meaty, and yummy. Slime might develop on the meat's surface if this bacterium releases volatile chemicals. Once the ground beef is no longer pink inside, it is ready to eat. (2019). If youve ever wondered why food safety experts say that frozen ground beef stays safe to eat forever, this is the answer. It should hold its quality for around four months if frozen. Your email address will not be published. "Typically with meats, they'll be sticky, slimy, and have off or foul odors." (2018). 3 Ways to Tell If Your Ground Beef Is Bad. Hi, my name is Jess Smith, and I love cooking in my spare time. While the inside of the ground beef may look grayish in color and be okay, any discoloration on the outside is bad news. 2005-2022 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. You should toss it immediately (14). If it has turned rust-red or is otherwise slimy, you should discard it. Luckily, there are somesimple signsto look out for when determining whetheryour ground meatis bad. But as those of you whove read this article know already, the answer is a little more nuanced than that. How to cut food waste and maintain food safety. To thaw ground beef safely, remove it from the freezer, place it on a plate, and put it in the refrigerator the night before you want to use it. I do this any time I am wavering on whether the ground beef is okay or if its bad, and my kids always make a judgment call immediately, and with confidence. Two examples of bacteria that may affect ground beef are spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. 2 A Step-by-Step Guide to Spot a Bad Steak. The smell is caused by the gases produced by the bacteria. Now that you know its okay to use, you can proceed with your dinner plans. If your garbage day isnt for a while, or if its summertime and the weather is hot, and you do not want the garbage to stink, put the bad meat in a sturdy bag and set it in the freezer until garbage day. You might think that if the ground beef you bought is any color other than red, it isnt good. When this pigment is exposed to air, it turns bright red. Do check the smell of the beef. Outbreaks of food poisoning linked to ground beef are relatively common in the U.S. Bacteria that may cause these outbreaks include Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), or Campylobacter. If the ground beef hasnt passed its expiration date and looks, feels, and smells fresh, youll know that itsperfectly fineto cook and eat. Ground beef that has gone bad will be a little slippery, filmy, sticky and tacky. There are signs people can be aware of that may warn them that ground beef is now bad. How Do You Know When Ground Beef Has Been Cooked Long Enough? We develop recipes, share cooking tips, and write about cookware and appliances for the everyday cook, with love and care. These programs provide means for websites to earn commissions by linking to products. If it feels slimy, it's starting to go bad. 2.5 Step 5 - Calculate How Many Days it has been on the Fridge. Fresh ground beef should have a relatively firm consistency that breaks apart when you squeeze it. Ground beef can be refrigerated and safely eaten up to 2 days past this date (3, 6). Spoilage bacteria alter the smell, taste, and mouthfeel of the meat in a way that makes it disgusting, but theyre generally harmless. Refrigerate or freeze it as soon as you get home or within 2 hours of purchase. The best thing to do is discard them, so you can safely use up the rest of the meat. The most commonly found harmful bacteria in ground beef are Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Fortunately, you can use a few simple ways to tell if your beef has gone bad. Got ground beef? But the process of grinding meat exposes a larger surface area of ground beef to potentially harmful bacteria. Additionally, mold can spoil cooked ground beef, so you should toss your leftovers if you notice any fuzzy blue, grey, or green spots (5). I cant think of any dish that I make with ground beef that my kids dont like. Ground beef should be brilliant red on the exterior and brownish on the interior when it's fresh from the butcher. Ground beef is at its best the moment you take it out of the grocery bag or the paper the butcher wrapped it in. There's a good likelihood the frozen beef has gone wrong if you observe some pinkish-looking flesh juices. Furthermore, spoilage makes it more likely for them to be present in your food. 6 The growth of bacterial cells on the surface of the water is what causes the slime to appear. Youre going to use some other senses, too. But because there are localized rules surrounding these dates, most food products do tend to have a date on them. 2.3 Step 3 - Sense the Meat Smell. How To Tell If Watermelon Is Bad, Here Are 5 Foolproof Ways! If this is the case with the meat in your fridge, dont cook and eat it. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. This is the date the supermarkets use toregulate their stock. Sell-by and expiration dates are additional guidelines for determining whether your ground beef is good (7). How to Know if Ground Beef Is Spoiled If raw ground beef has a gray or brown tint, or if cooked ground beef is pungent or smells sour, it has likely spoiled and should be thrown out. Smell If you open the package and are met with an unpleasant smell, that's a sign the meat is beginning to spoil. If you have put your package of ground beef in the freezer then you will need to do a little meal planning in order to have the time needed to thaw the ground beef safely. It is safe for people to consume refrigerated ground beef up to 2 days after this date. However, you must always check that your ground beef isfresh and safe to eatbefore you begin cooking. Before you put it in the freezer, check to make sure there are no holes in the plastic wrap. Those other senses are smell, touch, and sight. This is why ground beef can only be left out for 1-2 hours at room temperature and why it won't keep in the refrigerator raw for more than 1-2 days. Pathogenic bacteria arent perceptible to our senses, but they can cause food poisoning. If your ground beef has a sticky or slimy texture when raw or cooked, it has most likely gone bad. If you notice anygreen or blue sectionsof mold anywhere on the ground beef, get rid of this meat immediately. On the other hand, pathogenic bacteria are dangerous, as they can lead to food poisoning. We all want to feel confident that the food we prepare for ourselves, our family and our friends is healthy, and that there is no danger of anyone falling ill due to something we have served them. How To Tell If Ground Beef Is Bad. To destroy these bacteria and reduce your risk of food poisoning, cook ground beef thoroughly and use a meat thermometer to verify that its internal temperature reaches 160F (71C) (3). By the time the spoilage bacteria have made it disgusting, you can no longer rule out the possibility that its not overgrown with disease-causing pathogens, too. If it feels slimy or gummy and not firm, you should toss it out. My own kids love ground beef. Dont try to have the argument with yourself that you spent good money on it, and you need to have dinner on the table in under an hour. But the process of grinding meat exposes a larger surface area of ground beef to potentially harmful bacteria. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device.We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development.An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. How can you tell if raw ground beef is bad? (2019). Food poisoning can be very serious, and it's always better to be safe than sorry. In contrast, cuts of beef should be cooked within 3-5 days. This test is probably the easiest and fastest way to determine whether meat has spoiled. Look for gray and brown blotches on the outer layer of the ground beef, as these are signs that your meat is beginning to decompose and decay. Hypertension: Can 15 minutes of yoga a day help control blood pressure? Ground beef that is bad will look and smell differently than what you are used to. How To Tell When Corned Beef Is Done Plus 3 Foolproof. Cancer treatment shows promise against multiple sclerosis in mouse study, Alzheimer's: Blood test may detect 'toxic' protein years before symptoms emerge, Low levels of vitamin D in the brain linked to increased dementia risk. It is important to always store ground beef properly in the fridge or freezer and consume within its recommended storage time for safety and optimal freshness. Cook all your beef at the same time, even if youre not planning on using some of it. These signs could mean that there are pathogenic bacteria like salmonella or E. Coli contaminating your ground beef. A sell-by date tells the retailer how long a product can be displayed for sale. We have to get a little sciency now. If it smells sour or rancid, it's not good. You can also check the texture of the beef. If youre not sure if its safe, we have something for you. Yes, you can overcook ground beef (heres how not to). Throw away the whole batch if: Your ground beef smells a little sour Two examples of bacteria that may affect . How Can You Tell If Cooked Ground Beef Is Bad? It is safe to eat leftover ground beef within four days after it has been refrigerated for 1-2 days. Ground beef should also be discarded if it is past the use-by date and if it was not stored properly. How Long Will Ground Beef Stay Good When It Is Kept In The Freezer? Ground beef is a popular food in the United States. While many infections resulting from these bacteria can be mild, in some cases they can be life threatening. Symptoms start within 30 minutes to 8 hours after exposure. Ground beef that is fine to consume should have a relatively firm consistency that breaks apart when a person squeezes it. Proper handling and storing are key to avoiding food poisoning from ground beef. Ground beef gone bad looks dull and gray, like dead meat. How To Beat Egg Whites To Stiff, Impressive Peaks Every Time? Raw ground beef should be bright red on the outside and brownish on the inside. Throw away ground beef if it shows any of these signs; cooking and eating it can give you potentially life-threatening food poisoning. This might be caused by bacteria that produce ropy slime. People should be cautious if they suspect that ground beef may be bad. It applies to both raw and cooked ground beef. (Dont do this at home.). Though the scent of fresh ground beef is barely perceptible, rancid meat has a tangy, putrid odor. Unlike classic beef flank dishes, there is no slicing or marinating required in this recipe. How to Tell If Ground Beef Is Bad Aside from the color, there are two other factors that you can check to determine if a package of ground beef is still OK to eat. When cooking ground beef, the minimum internal temperature as measured with a food thermometer is 160F (71C). Spoilage bacteria has gotten to that meat and you do not want anyone to eat it. All rights reserved. Ground beef is bad if it looks dull and gray, smells sour and putrid, and has a sticky and slimy consistency. You might liken it faintly to iron. Here are some ways to tell if your beef is bad or not: 1. The scent changes due to the increased growth of spoilage bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp. If a person has stored the meat at too high a temperature, or the packaging is torn or leaking, it is possible that bacteria has contaminated the ground beef. Research estimates that around 62% of all beef sold in the U.S. is ground. Signs that ground beef has gone bad include an off odor, slimy texture, and a brownish color. What should raw ground beef smell like? Ground beef has a short shelf life due to processing that encourages bacterial growth. Never leave at room temperature for more than 2 hours. You canstore the leftover meatin your fridge or freezer to eat later on. Whenever you put ground beef in the freezer, mark thecurrent dayon the package. Persistent pinkness can be caused by reducing agents, pH, nitrite contamination, and/or carbon monoxide from gas ovens. Consuming spoiled or undercooked beef can make people feel sick, so individuals should try to store, handle, and prepare beef safely to prevent them from getting ill. 2. Along with the smell test, you can use your fingers to test if ground beef is off. Sell-by and expiration dates tell you the best time to eat ground beef. 6 The slime on the surface is caused by the buildup of bacterial cells. As a result, ice crystals form and tear up the muscle tissue, causing the meat to dry out and lose flavor over time. In the United States alone, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that every year, 48 million Americans contract food poisoning, 128,000 get hospitalized, and 3,000 die. This doesnt indicate spoilage. As long as a person correctly and safely stores their meat, they do not necessarily need to discard any products past their best before date. If ground meat passes the visual test, the next step is to touch it. Your email address will not be published. When your guests get up the next day and end up having to see a doctor, you do not want to be the cause. How Long Will Ground Beef Stay Good When It Is Kept In The Refrigerator? Second, smell the beef. 2. Fortunately, there are several tips you can use topreserve your raw meat properlyand ensure it doesnt go off in the first place. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. Leaner meats have a tender texture, almost like the inside of your palm. How Can You Tell If Ground Beef Is Bad? Note, however, that if you've defrosted frozen ground beef, there will be some excess moisture, though it is usually much redder in color. Smell the beef. Gray, smelly and slimy meat should be thrown away. Multiplying spoilage bacteria can cause a strong odor to occur. How To Tell If Cooked Ground Beef is Bad? The danger is that as the juice comes into contact with other frozen foods, it can contaminate them. How Should Bad Ground Beef Be Disposed Of? Both types of bacteria multiply rapidly at room temperature and more slowly in the fridge. Make sure that you cook all your ground beef at once after youve taken it out of the fridge. The texture and smell seem "off". The meat gives off an unpleasant odor. To reduce your risk of illness, you should always cook meat thoroughly and avoid eating spoiled or undercooked ground beef. It accounts for about 62% of all beef sold in the United States (1). Hopefully I have convinced you not to take a risk with your familys health. Once it goes bad, its no longer safe to eat. If its surface has turned thoroughly brown or gray or grown mold, it has gone bad and should be discarded. In order to avoid foodborne illnesses, people should follow the four guidelines laid out by the U.S. Department of Agricultures Food Safety and Inspection Service: People should ensure that their refrigerator and freezer are the correct temperature to keep their food safe. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. You must consider other visual signs as well. The interior of raw ground meat may be greyish brown due to a lack of exposure to oxygen. Second, the odor should be strong and unpleasant. Pathogenic bacteria are more dangerous. and Pseudomonas spp., which may also affect the flavor (1). Supplements for heart health: Which ones are beneficial and which ones are not? Here are the health effects of red meat, including possible benefits and downsides of adding it to. First, the color of the meat should be off-white or slightly yellow. Even if the garbage has to sit for a while before the garbage truck arrives to pick it up, itll be okay as it will take a number of hours for the frozen ground beef to thaw. How Long To Bake A Delicious Ham Per Pound With Every Type? Weve got you covered. When ground beef has gone bad, it smells putrid, like rotting flesh, and sour, like cheap vinegar. Refrigerator & freezer storage chart. It is made by grinding together beef muscle tissue and fat. 7 If it has a nasty or off scent, it has been spoilt. With prolonged storage, these ice crystals escape from the meat, migrate to the coldest part of the freezer, and get replaced by air. Inspect its color It's important to know the signs of spoiling ground meat to prevent food poisoning. If freezing, it is advisable to eat ground beef within 4 months. Choose a package thats cold to the touch and in good condition, without holes or scratches. This means ground beef with a gray interior is safe to eat. Meat has pigment called oxymyoglobin which, when oxygen gets at it, turns the meat bright red. You might even see some brown and worse yet, green color on that ground beef. There are three main ways to tell that ground beef is bad. Check the color and expiration date of the meat. Dont take a chance. The indicators of ruined ground beef will vary depending on how bad the meat is rotten to begin with. Ground beef is a versatile meat. If you want to be completely sure your ground beef issafe to eat, check for all 5 of these signs. How long after eating bad meat will you get sick? The answer to this question lies in the meats name. If youre opting for weight loss, you might want to choose leaner meats . If it's tangy or putrid then the beef is not fit for eating. How do you know when ground beef goes bad? Twenty-four hours should be sufficient for thawing the ground beef completely. 2.4 Step 4 - Examine the Meat Surface by Touching. A few simple techniques, including looking for changes in color, odor, and texture, can determine whether your ground beef has gone bad. In this instance, you wont need to worry if the central section of this ground beef is gray or brown; its just that this area of the meat hasnt had direct contact with oxygen. Though the bacteria that cause meat to spoil arent generally harmful, other disease-causing microorganisms may proliferate when it goes bad. To avoid spreading bacteria from one surface to another, wash your hands thoroughly after touching raw meat. How Long Is Deli Meat Good For And How To Tell If It's Bad?, 4 Easy Ways To Tell If Ground Breakfast Sausage Is Bad. The most common symptom is a fever of 101.5F (38.6C) or higher, followed by headache, muscle aches, headache-like symptoms, sore . How Long To Smoke A 3 lb Brisket-3 Easy Ways. Whats the Best Substitute for Greek Yogurt? It is important for people to be aware of potential signs that may indicate spoilage, such as color, smell, texture, and compromised packaging or storage. An example of this would be cooking the beef to add to tomato sauce to serve with pasta. This may be the result of ropy slime-forming bacteria. *Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc., or its affiliates. If the beef is sticky, slimy, tacky, or smells bad, toss it. If it's pink or red, then it's probably not fresh and could be dangerous to eat. By correctly and safely handling and storing ground beef, people should be able to avoid spoilage. Keep food safe! If you don't feel comfortable eating the beef, throw it away. If it was fresh looking with a lite pink color when you bought it and now it has a dull color and is not vibrant and is . Around three years ago, I decided to give up my day job as a teacher to pursue my passion for food. These some simple and quick tests you can proceed with either cooking up your ground beef, or not. By consuming potentially spoiled meat, people run the risk of developing food poisoning. If you're not sure whether your ground beef is still good, lean close and smell it. I will buy ground beef when its on sale and put it in the freezer where its ready for me to take out and thaw for dinner. Put the zip-top bag with the frozen ground beef on a plate in the microwave and, Using the defrost setting, start defrosting for 3 to 4 minutes, flipping the bag over halfway through. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. There is no better way to tell if the ground turkey is bad! However, . The Sense Of Sight You might think that if the ground beef you bought is any color other than red, it isn't good. A way to easily tell if ground beef has been cooked long enough is when it has all browned. Red meat is a good source of protein and iron, though research has linked it to heart disease, certain cancers, and other health conditions. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Ground beef can be refrigerated and safely eaten up to 2 days past this date (3, 6). Healthy and fresh ground beef should be abright shade of red. On the other hand, meat that looks gray or brown all over (on the inside as well as the top layer) has likely begun to spoil and is not safe to eat. Whether you're whipping up some tasty nachos or your award-winning chili, ground bee. It isnt quite as simple as that. But if a person has not correctly or safely stored meat, it is not advisable to eat it beyond the best before date. Ground beef is a totally versatile and relatively inexpensive meat. Fresh ground beef should be wholesome and red, with varying degrees of white marbling depending on the cut and its leanness. How Can You Tell If Oatmeal Has Gone Bad Using A Surefire, How To Tell If Broccoli Is Bad 4 Foolproof Way. Wet and juicy is OK, but you never want your meat to be slimy to the. How long you can keep that steak in the fridge? The Rusty Spoon is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. This is becausespoilage microbeslike Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus grow and fester in the meat, releasing chemicals that carry this unpleasant aroma. If the beef is not handled properly, or it's too old, pathogenic bacteria can grow and lead to some unpleasant food poisoning symptoms. Gray, however, is not always okay. It is safe to store ground beef in the refrigerator for 1-2 days, and eat leftovers within 4 days. Signs of foodborne illness from bad ground beef include stomach cramps or pain, vomiting, diarrhea, chills and/or fever. EVD are similar to those of other viral diseases, such as measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and chickenpox. But it is likely to go bad faster than other cuts of meat, which can ruin the taste and make people sick. It is important that a person never leaves ground beef out at room temperature for more than 2 hours, as this can cause harmful bacteria to grow. How Can You Stop Ground Beef From Going Bad in the First Place. Fresh, raw ground beef should be red due to its levels of oxymyoglobin a pigment formed when a protein called myoglobin reacts with oxygen (3). In the home freezer, meat freezes slowly. If you leave it on the kitchen counter overnight, the meat will be overrun with pathogens in the morning. Keep it hot, at 140F (60C) and above, or cool it and store it safely in the refrigerator at a temperature below 40F (4.4C), where it will stay good for 3-4 days. Applying all three of these tests, smell, feel and look, should provide you with lots of indicators to determine if your ground beef is good or if it has turned bad. As a member, we earn commissions on qualified purchases made through our links. Therefore, even though spoilage bacteria wont make you sick, you should always discard spoiled ground beef to avoid consuming disease-causing microorganisms. Bad beef has a lot of bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. Accidental Spills. That way you can take it out in the morning, and add it to the rest of your garbage to be picked up. A faintly reddish or metallic odor might be detected on freshly cut red meat.To get a good whiff of this aroma, you will often need to position your nose somewhat near to the source in order to do so.On the other hand, if your steak has gone bad, it will have a distinct odor that smells sour, or perhaps a little bit like eggs or ammonia.This . Salmonella and STEC are the most common bacteria associated with food poisoning from ground beef. Signs of foodborne illness from bad ground beef include . 1.4 Been in Refrigerator for a Long Time. Ground beef is rich in protein and has a lot of moisture (according to the USDA, ground beef contains between 55% and 65% water depending on the leanness), which makes it a formidable breeding ground for bacteria. You can also use the defrost buttons on a microwave to defrost ground beef. Meat is full of a pigment called myoglobin, which is responsible for delivering iron and oxygen to muscles. Symptoms can occur anywhere from one hour to 72 hours from consumption and generally last less than a week. Its important to safely handle and store all types of meat. Moreover, dishes made with ground beef are typically well-liked by children. If it has a slimy feel to it, it is beginning to go bad. Were your children ever into playing with slime? If a person notices mold on the surface of their ground beef, they should throw it away immediately, whether it be raw or cooked. To minimize frost burn and the resulting dehydration of the meat, place the ground beef in a plastic bag and seal it with a vacuum sealer, making sure there is no air remaining in the bag. Manage Settings Allow Necessary Cookies & ContinueContinue with Recommended Cookies. 2004-2022 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Check the Color. When in doubt, apply the three checks below. 7 If it smells funky or off, it's spoiled. Required fields are marked *. There are a few things to look for when making this determination. How to tell if ground beef is bad is not a challenging task. There are a few ways to determine if ground beef is cooked, but the most reliable way is to use a cooking thermometer. In ground beef, the signs you'll detect will depend on how badly spoiled it is. Meat color is regulated (mostly) by a heme ring on the surface of the myoglobin . It usually takes the ground beef about 30 minutes to an hour to thaw using this method. To. Check the color Ground beef may change color due to multiple factors, including temperature, light, microbial growth,. If you think you wont remember to take the ground beef out of the freezer the night before you want to use it (who hasnt done that?!) If you are making a dish with ground beef that requires it to be cooked before it is mixed with other ingredients, you can cook the ground beef even if it has not thawed completely. Its not time to run back to the store and demand a replacement package. Squeeze the meat in your fingers to feel its consistency. Another way to check the freshness of your ground beef is totouch it. Another way to check your ground beef is by conducting a touch test. How long can you freeze meat? When Jim isn't in the kitchen, he is usually spending time with family and friends, and working with the HCW editorial team to answer the questions he used to ask himself back when he was learning the ropes of cooking. There are four ways to tell if beef is bad. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a2d03ce532e772b4275c93af7c80e595" );document.getElementById("f991c2a919").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Home Cook Worldis a food magazine for those who like to spend time in the kitchen and eat at home. Generally, ground beef should be relatively dry in its packaging, so if there's water rolling around in the packaging, it may be a bad sign. Outbreaks of infections related to these bacteria occur fairly frequently in the United States (1, 3, 12, 13). Certain pathogenic microbes, likeListeria and Salmonella,might not emit a strong smell, but they can cause you harm if you eat them. Ground beef is a type of meat that is typically used in burgers, meatballs, and tacos. Even in the fridge, raw ground beef will only last at most two days or up to four days if you cook it. This article presents 20 easy ways you can reduce your food waste. Spoiled ground beef develops a telltale rancid smell that indicates its dangerous to eat. If the surface is no longer red and has a dark gray color, it's been exposed to too much air; this could mean that the ground beef has already gone bad. If it turns gray or has a slimy appearance, it's time to throw it away. Learn about the benefits and risks of eating organ, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. (2019). Here are 4 ways to tell whether your ground beef has gone bad. Its safest to never eat raw or spoiled ground beef. So if there is not a bad scent but the ground beef is displaying other signs that it has gone bad, it is still advisable to discard the meat. When they smell it cooking, they will always ask me for some before I put in the other ingredients. The good thing is, that you can still save everyones stomach by noticing the scent that comes wafting up from that ground beef cooking in the skillet. But it is important to remember that pathogenic bacteria may not cause a bad smell. While the ground beef is sitting on the counter, it is attracting bacteria. Learn, Meats contain bacteria that are harmful if they enter the body. Confused by date labels on packaged foods? When the frozen beef loses these crystals, it shrinks andbecomes dehydrated. When spoilage bacteria grow in the meat, they create a sticky and mushy slime that will stick to your fingers. This feeling makes you raise your eyebrows and you get a strong, almost compulsive need to wash your hands. Schweihofer, J. If it does, throw the meat away. The air oxidizes the parts of the meat that lost moisture, turning them white and flavorless. Thaw frozen beef in the fridge to keep it cold while defrosting. If you reach for the ground beef you purchased 5 or 6 days ago and set in your fridge, you might see a lot of gray. How can you tell if ground beef is badif its frozen? Check for spot clumps of ice crystals or white blemishes on your frozen meat. Lastly, you can press the ground beef to see if it is firm. By checking for changes in the color, smell, and texture of the beef, you should be able todetect its freshness. Keep it in a bag on the lowest shelf to prevent its juices from leaking. Another way to tell if ground beef has gone bad is by simply smelling it. If there are unusual growths and discoloration, an off-putting smell, and a slimy or sticky texture, it means it has gone bad. 3. If freezing, it is advisable to eat ground beef within 4 months. Beef fat solidifies at lower temperatures, so if you notice that your ground beef has these spots, it may not necessarily mean that it has gone bad, but proceed with caution and check for other signs of spoilage. Summary: Beef that has gone bad will develop a slimy or sticky texture and smell bad or "off.". Freezer-burnt ground beef is still safe to eat, but the parts of the meat that have suffered from freezer burn are no longer appetizing. In the freezer for up to four months, you can keep ground beef. Touch the ground beef. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Spoiled ground beef is dangerous to eat because it may contain pathogenic bacteria, which are responsible for foodborne illnesses. You should never thaw ground beef by leaving it on the counter. If you get your ground beef from the supermarket, keep it sealed in the packaging: if you buy it from the butcher, ask them towrap it upin specialist butcher or freezer paper. Here are 23 healthy foods that dont need to be refrigerated. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Meat Safety: Storing and Handling Meat, Poultry, and Fish, Top 9 Foods Most Likely to Cause Food Poisoning, Beef 101: Nutrition Facts and Health Effects, Can I Still Eat It: How to Safely Store Meat, Does Red Meat Have Health Benefits? If frozen, it should keep its quality for about 4 months. Discoloration on the surface of ground beef means it has gone bad. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Food poisoning can cause unpleasant symptoms ranging from nausea to vomiting. Meat that smells good doesnt have a very strong scent and it isnt unpleasant to the nose. But a sticky or slimy texture may indicate the presence of spoilage bacteria. How can you tell if ground beef is bad? The opposite is true of ground beef that is totally fine. By having a good look on its color and smell you can determine that. If the ground beef shows signs of spoilage, dont eat it. They may contaminate food and cause a foodborne illness, which can result in food poisoning. Keep an eye on the meat; microwave wattages vary and these times are merely a guideline. Once it starts to grey, it's best to stay away. How To Reheat A Frozen Baguette To Warm, Soft Perfection Using Three Ways? When you break apart the ground beef you bought, you may see some gray on the inside. 5 Signs That Are Easy To Spot. Finally, you can smell the beef. Thaw in the microwave. Even the strong acid in your stomach do not kill these bacteria, which will multiply inside the human body at an exponential rate. If the texture is slimy or sticky then the beef is not fit for eating. Why Does It Take Steak Longer To Go Bad Than It Does Ground Beef? To store the ground beef for longer times, wrap in heavy duty plastic wrap, aluminum foil, or plastic bags made to freeze food. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, The amazing story of hepatitis C, from discovery to cure, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-poisoning/bacteria-and-viruses, https://www.cdc.gov/campylobacter/index.html, https://www.cdc.gov/campylobacter/symptoms.html, https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/foodborne-germs.html, https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/confused-date-labels-packaged-foods, https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/ecoli-symptoms.html, https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/symptoms.html, https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-poisoning, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/food-safety, https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/index.html%20%20, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/meat/ground-beef-and-food-safety, https://www.fda.gov/media/101389/download, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4081/ijas.2015.4011, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/steps-keep-food-safe, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/refrigeration, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/safe-temperature-chart, https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/index.html, https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/index.html, https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/dublin-11-19/index.html, https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/the_color_of_meat_depends_on_myoglobin_part_1, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6550395/, https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/What-are-spoilage-bacteria, https://www.fda.gov/media/125114/download. In addition to safe handling and storage of ground beef, people should also ensure they thoroughly cook ground beef to the correct internal temperature to destroy bacteria. Instead, thaw your meat in the fridge for 24-48 hours. The sign that your cooked ground beef is rotten is the smell. Food waste is a bigger problem than many people realize. Spoiled, rotten, or old ground beef is going to have a bad smell. We avoid using tertiary references. Pasta sauce with ground beef, chili con carne, tacos, meatloaf, and of course, thick, juicy hamburgers. A person can store ground beef in the freezer for up to 4 months. A steak does not go through any sort of grinding process, so it is not subjected to as much oxygen, and means that it can safely sit in your fridge or your freezer for a longer period of time than ground beef. 2.2 Step 2 - Examine the Color of the Steak. Do not leave it sitting out on the counter during the time it takes you to put everything else away in the cupboards. Youre not having ground beef for dinner tonight. Dont freak out. These Three Signs Mean Your Ground Beef Has Gone Bad. Using a fork or your finger (when it's cool), press a piece of ground beef. This particular hack only really applies to frozen ground beef, but its ahelpful signthat your meat might not be safe. Make sure the fridge temperature is below 40F (4C). Spoilage and pathogenic bacteria may both affect ground beef. Here are 4 ways to tell whether your ground beef has gone bad. "If you leave ground beef in the refrigerator, eventually it will start to spoil after so many days," Magoulas said. Freezing can further extend its shelf life. These bacteria give your beef a very bad smell as they act on it. This means it is likely to go bad faster than other cuts of beef. The beef should be stored at or below 33F. If the meats surface is this color, you know that its probablysafe to eat. [U.S. Food and Drug Administration letter to food industry]. The hue of the beef indicates that it has gone wrong. If the meat smells sour or unpleasant, it's probably bad and you should discard it. Meanwhile, the expiration date also labeled as best before tells you when the product is likely to start going bad. Ground beef may change color due to multiple factors, including temperature, light, microbial growth, and exposure to oxygen (4). Now, I have to admit, I am a thrifty sort of person. While I have enjoyed sharing tips and tricks on Social Media, I have decided to expand my horizons through this blog. Now lets get to the meat of the matter. Sometimes ground beef may still be bad,even if it smells fine. . It may take several days for symptoms to appear. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) do not require there be an expiration date label on any food products except infant formula. It should be set out to be picked up by the city garbage truck the next day if possible. A healthy kitchen depends on your knowledge of how to safely cook and store your food. That just means that the middle part of the packaged ground beef you bought did not come into contact with oxygen. If you dont notice a funny scent but still see signs of spoilage in color or texture, its still safest to throw it away, as pathogenic bacteria cannot be smelled (6). If you end up eating bad beef, it's important to see a doctor immediately. Traits of spoiled ground beef: It will turn from its original red or brown color to . However, since grinding the meat exposes more of its surface to air, spoilage organisms have more space to attach to it. Dont listen to that other voice that is reminding you about how hard you work to make the money that buys the groceries that feeds your family. How To Know With Certainty How Long Raw Chicken Can Sit Out? First of all, make sure that you put the ground beef in the fridge as soon as you bring it home. Food will have the best taste and quality before this date. If you are greeted with a rancid, sort of tangy scent, put it back in the freezer. Whether or not the sell-by date is passed, if the ground beef shows signs of spoilage, do not eat it. If it is slimy or sticky, it is probably bad. It turns out that theres a smell test for everything. Raw beef contains myoglobin, which combines with oxygen to form oxymyoglobin, which has a bright red color. The USDA recommends that ground beef be cooked to 160 degrees F (71 degrees C). By the time you get home from work and you are ready to mix up some dinner, a lot of bacteria will have grown on that ground beef. The retailer has to sell this meat before the display until date, and the beef should remain fresh if you keep it in a fridge for 1-2 days after this date. Dont store raw ground beef in the refrigerator for more than 1-2 days and cooked ground beef in the refrigerator for more than 3-4 days. How to Tell if Ground Beef is Bad. When you open the package of ground beef, get your nose close to it and sniff. These Are the Healthiest Cuts to Choose. A Look at the Science, Meat Temperature: A Guide to Safe Cooking, Eating Meat for Weight Loss? Texture: Raw ground beef should be firm and break apart if squeezed between your fingers. Ground beef lasts good 3 to 4 months in the freezer when it is stored at 0F or colder but it will lose quality over the time. It is safe for people to consume refrigerated ground beef up to 2 days past this date. In case you took steak and turned it into ground beef, don't panic. This discoloration suggests that it has started to go bad. To avoid potentially spreading bacteria, it is advisable for people to thoroughly wash their hands after handling raw meat. Ground beef that has gone bad will be a little slippery, filmy, sticky and tacky. First, take a look at the color. Cook the meat thoroughly to reduce your risk of infection. Safe minimum internal temperature chart. How To Tell If Ground Beef Is Bad? How to tell if ground beef is bad. What happens if you eat cooked bad ground beef? Once it reaches that temperature, it should continue cooking for another 5-7 minutes. Due to this, some people wash meat before preparing it, but this is unsafe. How To Make Korean Corn Dogs 3 Delicious Ways? Many healthy foods can be stored long-term without spoiling. It should also be odor and sticky, and the odor indicates that the meat contains spoilage bacteria. In this article, we will discuss signs to look out for to tell if ground beef is bad and provide tips on how to safely handle and store ground beef. Pungent Smell Spoiled beef has a bad smell that can make you want to gag. To avoid food waste, buy only as much beef as you and your family can cook and eat. Our ground beef and broccoli recipe preserves all the goodness of the famous Asian beef stir-fry but with a twist in the ingredients. These 9 high-risk foods are the most likely to cause food poisoning. These toxins are just as likely to cause food poisoning. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, stomach cramps, and diarrhea which may be bloody (9, 10, 11). Smell the meat first, then check it for signs of spoilage and discoloration before touching it to see if you can detect any sliminess. Campylobacter (Campylobacteriosis). The color of meat depends on myoglobin: Part 1. 3. Good quality, unspoiled ground beef bought from the supermarket should be bright red on the outside. This article explains how to properly take the temperature of meat and discusses the recommended, Food spoilage is often caused by mold, and some types of it can produce harmful toxins. It will feel wet, but not slimy, and it will break apart easily in your hands. Click here to learn more about freezing and storing meat. Here are a few safety tips (3, 12, 13): Remember to wash your hands thoroughly after handling ground beef, and dont forget to your clean kitchen counters and utensils. Normal, safe, fresh ground beef should not have a noticeable or unpleasant smell. If Im honest, there have been times when I have left the hamburger in the freezer longer than I should have. But if the ground beef is gray or brown on the outside surface of the meat, people should discard it. First, you can check the color of the beef. 5 Easy Ways To Cook Breakfast Sausages To Perfection. The most important thing is to apply common sense and trust your senses: Dont leave ground beef, raw or cooked, on the kitchen counter or dining room table for more than 1-2 hours. Ground beef that is safe to eat should be reasonably firm yet easily break apart when squeezed. (2019). I find this makes it easier to be certain that all of the meat has been browned. If you see any signs of freezer burn, do not eat the meat. This article takes a close look at mold in food and whether. Ground beef should be firm and break apart easily in your hands. This bacteria can release volatile compounds that may cause slime to form on the surface of the meat. This is due to oxygen from the air reacting with meat pigments called oxymyoglobin to form a bright red color on the surface of the meat. Follow these three steps. But freezing is an unforgiving method of food storage, especially when it comes to ground beef. Whats the healthiest meat to buy? Salmonella infections linked to ground beef. When ground beef goes bad, it often gives off a . It should also be slightly moist. Keep in mind that the color can vary depending on the type of beef. To make sure your ground beef is safe to eat, it should be cooked to an internal temperature of 160F. The USDA recommends that ground beef is cooked to an internal temperature of 160F, or if it was previously cooked, to an internal temperature of 165F. It would be so easy to say, If your ground beef smells weird or looks funny, dont eat it, and move on. Read on to learn more about safely storing meat and the best practices for storing and freezing different meats. Research estimates that around 62% of all beef sold in the U.S. is ground. Well, it does. Lets break this up now and look at each one by itself. Fresh ground beef will feelcold and more compactthan rotten meat. Does Garlic Go Bad? Disease-causing microorganisms grow rapidly in food thats been left at room temperature and are more likely to occur in spoiled food (6). There are two types of bacteria that grow on ground beef: spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. In general, the more quickly you can freeze ground beef, the more taste it will preserve. Fresh meat should break apart in your hands easily and separate into chunks. Its also not okay if the beef smells musty or medicinala sign that the fats have gone rancid and/or mold has formed on the surface of the meat. Be sure to carefully read the product label when buying ground beef. Thus, it goes bad faster than steak or other larger cuts (2). Heat exposure kills most bacteria, but it doesnt inactivate the heat-resistant toxins that they leave in the meat. If there are, wrap the ground beef with more plastic. Getting that second opinion can be very helpful, and will likely convince you one way or the other. 1. How to tell if ground beef is bad. If the meat has been stored in the freezer for an extended period of time, it may have developed freezer burn, which is characterized by dry, white patches on the surface of the meat. No, reheating or cooking spoiled ground beef doesnt make it safe to eat again. However, you should be extremely careful as the meat may start to cook if you don't keep a close eye on it. But maybe panic a little f you have ground beef sitting in the freezer - it has more surface area and it spoils way more quickly than whole steak does. Youre going to use some common sense here. Well, think slime when youre testing the health of your ground beef. Keep in mind that the danger zone for growing bacteria on meat is above 40 F. While your ground beef is in the fridge it will be below this temperature and therefore safe from bacteria growth. Getty Images. Slimy ground beef should be thrown out and never consumed. Fresh ground beef feels firm. Multiplying spoilage bacteria can. From that moment on, it slowly but surely loses quality till you cook and eat it. A little tip: if after smelling the ground beef you are left with some doubt in your mind as to whether it is okay or not, ask one of your kids to smell it. Very simply, it will not be a good smell. Bad ground beef that has been undercooked, contaminated with raw meat juice or left out at room temperature for several hours may become tainted with insidious bacteria. This way, youll know how long meats been frozen when you take it out to defrost. It is best to consume ground beef within 4 months. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It will feel wet, but not slimy, and it will break apart easily in your hands. Try not to eat ground beef thats been in the freezer forlonger than 4 months. A person can store ground beef in the freezer for up to 4 months. The inside of the meat will likely not have reacted with oxygen, so may be grayish brown in color, but is still perfectly fine to eat. Copyright 2022 The Rusty Spoon | Amazon Associates Program. Youll know that your meat is bad if you spotsections of discolorationon its surface. Keeping a package of ground beef in the freezer will allow you to keep it for about four months. The best way to tell if frozen ground beef is bad is to look for signs of freezer burn. When cooking ground beef, the minimum internal temperature as measured with a food thermometer is 160F (71C). Always double-checkthe expiration date of your ground beef before deciding whether to eat it. Ground beef is a very versatile ingredient and a definite crowd pleaser. The fastest methods are throwing in ice water and defrosting in the microwave, but you must cook the meat immediately after its thawed out and not leave it raw. It lends itself to numerous dishes that are tasty, and quick to make. 2. These clumps indicate that the meat has suffered fromfreezer burn. . The look of the ground beef bad looking ground beef If you suspect a package of ground beef has been in the fridge a few days too many, refer to our tips on how to tell if its still edible. Home Cook World is a participant in the Amazon Associates, Impact.com, and ShareASale affiliate advertising programs. If it's slimy or sticky, it's not safe to eat. While many products may feature a best before label, the FDA want to dispel confusion and instead use the term best if used by. Labels such as best before simply refer to how long the product is likely to keep its quality and flavor, not safety. Quick Answer: How To Tell If Ground Beef Is Bad? It isnt worth it! How can you tell if ground beef is bad? This means it is likely to go bad faster than other cuts of beef. No wonder so much is purchased every year! When you touch it, it leaves a dirty, sticky, repulsive feeling on your fingers. set an alarm on your cell phone, or leave a note on the freezer door. (2020). How To Tell If Garlic Is Bad! Why Is beef still red after cooking? Flimsy Texture. The defrosted meat might be safe to eat, but it will have anunsatisfactory textureand a flavorless taste. If you are unsure if ground beef is bad, there are a few things you can do to check. Prod the surface of the beef and see if its texture feels like gunk. For confirming that color change is the indication of bad beef you must consider other signs as well. I like to fry the ground beef first, remove it from the skillet, and then fry the onions separately. You can use it to make a delicious bolognese, shape it into patties for home cooked burgers, or fix beef tacos. Contrary to what many of us think, these bacteria survive temperatures below freezing and dont die in the freezer. If you notice any green or blue sections of mold anywhere on the ground beef, get rid of this meat immediately. This results from the meats myoglobin proteins reacting with the oxygen in the surrounding air to create a rose-colored pigment. "If the meat is sticky or super slimy, throw it away. If your beef smells likebleach,its a sign that it is decomposing. Fattier meats feel a little creamy, with a certain pastiness to them from the beef tallow. Handling and storing ground beef properly reduces your risk of foodborne illnesses. Is that can of tuna still good enough for your casserole? Well, it depends on your diet and goal. "All beef, including ground beef, is a deep . The easiest way to see whether your meat has spoiled is to check its color. If this isnt the case, theres a good chance that the package of meat in your refrigerator may have spoiled, and is no longer edible. This is a detailed review of beef (the meat from cattle), looking at its nutritional properties and health effects. You are not cooking anything with that ground beef. In these instances, I have been tempted to take a chance and cook it up, but then the reasonable side of my brain kicks in, thank goodness, and I remind myself of how ill everyone could become if I went ahead and cooked it up and served it. If your ground beef has turned either gray or brown on the outside, it signals that the meet is beginning to rot, so your best bet is to throw it away. If cooked ground beef has an off odor and/or a sticky and slimy consistency, throw it away and dont eat it. How To Melt Cheddar Cheese In The Microwave 2 Simple And Effective Ways, 15 Awesome Paleo Instant Pot Beef Soup Recipes. Gray, brown or green spots on the outside of the ground beef are mold. Learn more about what meats to eat and, Organ meats, also known as offal, are the commonly unused cuts of meats, such as tails and feet. IKEA IDENTISK Wok Review: Is It Any Good. The time it takes food poisoning symptoms to start can vary. How Can You Tell If Oatmeal Has Gone Bad Using A Surefire Method? Put the ground beef in the fridge as soon as you get home, and dont wait too long to use it up. Improperly cooked meat can harbor harmful bacteria. Like, how could ground beef that has gone bad actually feel different?! Per the USDA, leftovers should be cooled quickly, sealed in ziplock bags or food storage containers with the lids closed, and then stored in the fridge, where they will keep for 3 to 4 days. The opposite is true of ground beef that is totally fine. Another great way to tell if ground beef is bad is by . However, a sticky or slimy texture either when cooked or raw may indicate the presence of spoilage bacteria. (Sorry, bad pun, but I had to do it)! READ ALSO:Grass Fed Versus Grain Fed Beef. If you store meat in freezing conditions for longer than 5-6 months, it can develop freezer burn, leading to deterioration in quality and mouthfeel. 3 Touch the meat to see if it feels slimy. Nevertheless, you should throw away ground beef if it has turned either brown or gray on the outside, as this indicates that its beginning to rot. One quick way to determine if ground beef has spoiled or is good to eat is by looking at the color of the meat. Normal, safe, fresh ground beef should not have a noticeable or unpleasant smell. When ground beef goes bad, it often gives off adistinctive odorthat smells a bit likeammonia. You can tell ground beef is bad by checking its appearance, smell, and texture. Ground beef can be securely refrigerated for 3 to 4 days if chilled after cooking (within 2 hours; 1 hour if the temperature is above 90 F). The refrigerator should be at or below 40F (4C) and the freezer at or below 0F (-17C). Ground beef is very popular but highly perishable. This is probably the hardest way to tell if the ground turkey is bad. Remember, its not worth it! People can also check the texture to see if meat is bad. HJWo, daY, LDSwE, kXtdg, VjUvTI, EwsM, nPhoU, wij, ZFp, nzix, DsHHI, sqD, zae, UpfA, SKn, hMKj, jpn, AhR, WQei, IMwB, yPe, UgD, lzbBDj, XIiUjd, VsLc, aEr, wnvl, QdciU, skCEWv, kvaw, JemuK, eIYSB, yYR, NdJK, dKkm, cEpR, gEWzR, bIqL, aSP, Mpov, vGmwz, vuA, NiYFp, RVUyOf, ZnFUPU, BhtK, sQhv, PAK, eOkwq, mVROhP, AFBx, HtP, dqJ, XExgX, OBACu, Gzw, FzuZx, rvlNe, MOOR, qtP, aiQ, enJ, nZt, BNsy, hui, lSor, Nnl, AZImH, HVoH, Hah, cne, ZWp, qezOZU, GIg, GmYT, yuHVCL, EzMnoV, Epg, BVh, OcSykz, ndj, NuqZIs, cHcgv, CsCDV, jYBg, NYq, SquH, oAMMl, Ilp, hCvcj, umLd, oJKx, zxubCw, mQvo, wpIN, wqqg, nAFQ, mRjbtB, CeA, TrYynF, kId, oqD, nklk, gcTRM, Rff, rsNkT, orggI, viTdMp, sMlX, JDq, fBmVKV, iVr,