Heating Effect of Electric Current Formula Sign In, Create Your Free Account to Continue Reading, Copyright 2014-2021 Testbook Edu Solutions Pvt. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. All these devices have revolutionized the world that we live in over the past years. A temperature change in chemistry describes a process by which the degree of hotness or coldness of an object changes. Heat energy is used to make the surroundings warmer. Let us now learn about the formula of the heating effect of electric current. A heating curve shows the relationship between temperature and heat added. The dimensional formula of the heat energy is equivalent to the dimensional formula of work done. Some of them are listed below-. The formula for heat rate is R h = W s c T. Kirchhoff's Second Law is a result of energy conservation. It represents an energy flow path that couples the surface with the atmosphere and has important implications for the underlying thermal regime . Heat and temperature, while at first appearing similar, are actually two different concepts. When these two equations are combined, we get a formula for electric power that simply involves the current and resistance in the circuit. However, the efficiency of thermoelectric devices, or the amount of energy they are able to produce, is currently limited. When these items are connected to an electrical source, they grow hot, but the cables stay cool. Heat energy is defined as a systems net amount of thermal energy. Liu is first author of the PNAS paper, which includes graduate students Jiawei Zhou, Zhiwei Ding, and Qichen Song; Mingda Li, assistant professor in the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering; former graduate student Bolin Liao, now an assistant professor at the University of California at Santa Barbara; Liang Fu, the Biedenharn Associate Professor of Physics; and Gang Chen, the Soderberg Professor and head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Temperature is a measurement of average kinetic energy of the molecules in a system. If the current accidentally exceeds this limit, the wires may overheat and catch fire. For our example, water has the following specific and latent heat values that you can see listed on your screen as we speak. Electric power is the amount of energy transferred per unit of time by an electric circuit into another kind of energy. The SI unit of temperature change is the degree Kelvin (K). The three basic formulas of heat are given below: C = Q/T. Heat Transfer Formula. The heating effect of current is used widely by all of us in our day-to-day life. The S.I. Heat Energy Formula. This heating effect of the current is dependent on three different factors. In our example, the total heat added (Qtot) would be how much heat it takes to raise the ice's temperature to the point where it melts (Qi), plus how much heat it takes to change the ice to water (Qitw), plus how much heat it takes to raise the water's temperature (Qw) to 80o F. Before we plug in all the information for our problem we need to do one more thing. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. They are made of nichrome, which has a high resistivity and hence a high resistance. You'll soon see these must be different, as there are times when adding heat to a system doesn't likewise increase the temperature. In the previous sections we got into the nitty-gritty of the relationship between heat and temperature by learning about specific and latent heat formulas. They are, however, two different but very closely related concepts. MIT researchers have made improvements to liquid-sodium batteries, potentially paving the way for the battery to be used for renewable energy storage, reports Laney Ruckstuhl for The Boston Globe. Molar Mass & Ideal Gas Law | How to Find the Molar Mass of Gas. Above problem can be solved by converting fuel consumed in kg/hr & power generation in. When there is a rapid increase in current in any electrical instrument, the device burns down, which can result in a fire. Electric current. Here heat is being added, but temperature isn't increasing. Adding 20 percent for two exterior walls equals 1710.72 watts. Q = m c T. = 10.125 x J. Elastic Collision Overview & Examples | What is Elastic Collision? | How to Find Specific Heat Capacity, Heat Transfer Examples: Problems & Solutions, Thermal Energy Equation & Examples | How to Calculate Thermal Energy, Calorimetry Measurement | How to Find the Heat Capacity of a Calorimeter, Equation for Heat Transfer Through Conduction | Heat Transfer Formula & Rate Units, The Three Laws of Thermodynamics | Overview, Applications & Examples, Radiation Heat Transfer | Overview, Equation & Examples. However, while focusing exclusively on formulas it's easy to be left without an intuitive understanding of what exactly is going on. Because the resistance of the tiny filament is quite high, the quantity of heat produced is significant, as is the electric current flowing through the filament. It turns out that the material's ability to conduct electricity, or generate a flow of electrons, under a temperature gradient, is largely dependent on the electron energy. MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This is especially valuable in circuits with several resistors since it allows us to determine the power dissipated in each one. The formula can also be used as shown above to calculate the heat added or removed, given a change in temperature. Heat energy can be mathematically represented as, Q = m c T. Where, Q is the heat energy (in calorie) m is the mass (in grams) c is the specific heat (in calorie per gram degree celsius) T is the temperature change (in degree Celsius) Further, Calorie can be converted into Joules. Heat and temperature are mathematically related by the heat formula. The total work done for overcoming this hindrance to the electric current produces heat in the conductor. In the end, this could be a clean-energy way to help us use a heat source to generate electricity, which will lessen our release of carbon dioxide.. Note:The electric kettle, the electric heater, the electric iron, the electric room heater etc. = (55 X 4500)/100. Get Daily GK & Current Affairs Capsule & PDFs, Sign Up for Free Lincoln Laboratorys Agile MicroSat will be the first small satellite to demonstrate long-duration, low-altitude flight with autonomous maneuvering. When a strong electric current is sent through wires made of certain materials, they quickly melt and shatter. We can calculate the amount of heat in terms of the specific heat, latent heat, even sometimes using the enthalpy formula. We're going to see how heat and temperature interact by calculating how much heat it takes to take 50 grams of -20o F ice, and turn it into 80o F water. But it is unclear how this enhancement in efficiency connects with the materials inherent, topological properties. \[(\Sigma I =0 \Rightarrow I1+I2 = I3 + I4 + I5)\]. Heat is energy that is transferred from a hot substance to a cold one, and temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a system. Create your account. This is written as. Thermal equilibrium is the point at which the two objects reach the same temperature. But scientists are hoping to design more powerful thermoelectric devices that will harvest heat produced as a byproduct of industrial processes and combustion engines and turn that otherwise wasted heat into electricity. The higher the flow of the electric current, the higher is the generation of heat. , Temperature difference. The formula for the power can be defined in terms of voltage and current. Therefore, the heating effect generated by the current I, through the conductor having resistance R, for the given time T, is given by the following equation. 14 chapters | Heat is an important component of phase changes related to work and energy. S.I unit of Heat Conduction is Watts per meter kelvin (W.m -1 K -1) Dimensional formula = M 1 L 1 T -3 -1. Multiply by 100 to create a percentage. If the current flows for a longer time, the amount of heat generated is higher. L = Q/m. This is referred to as joule's law of heating. The basic difference is that heat is the form of energy that transfers from a hot object to a cold object, whereas temperature is the measure of the hotness or coldness of an object. In electric iron, the current flows through the iron (conductor), so the heat produced in it is used to press the clothes. Latent heat (l) is the heat required to change a substance's phase per unit mass. Specific and latent heat are unique to each substance. The resistance of the conductor: The higher the resistance, the more heat is generated. Solved Examples gives a better understanding of the concepts like current, voltage, resistance etc. copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. Example 2. So, the first horizontal segment represents the melting point where the substance changes from solid to liquid, and the second horizontal segment represents the boiling point where the substance changes from liquid to gas. They plotted tin tellurides range of electron energies against the associated mean free paths, and found the resulting graph looked very different than those for most conventional semiconductors. Quantity (common name/s) (Common) symbol/s Defining equation SI units Dimension Temperature gradient: No standard symbol K m 1 [][L] 1 Thermal conduction rate, thermal current, thermal/heat flux, thermal power transfer P In a DC circuit, the total of electric potential differences along every closed loop is zero. k = Coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material. Scientists have thought that topological materials thermoelectric advantage comes from a reduced thermal conductivity in their nanostructures. Current measurements of black holes are not enough to nail down how the invisible giants form in the universe, researchers say. To avoid this sort of mishap, a conducting wire with a low melting point is connected in series with the circuit. Also, the formula is like this: Heat energy = (mass of the object or substance) (specific heat) (Change in temperature) Q = m c \(\Delta T\) Or. When electrons encounter these boundaries, they tend to scatter in various ways. It also shows the melting point, which is where a substance turns from a solid to a liquid, and the boiling point, which is where a substance turns from a liquid to a gas. Electric Fuse: When there is a rapid increase in current in any electrical instrument, the device burns down, which can result in a fire. If physical conditions (temperature, pressure etc.) They found that when they decreased the diameter of an average grain to about 10 nanometers, bringing its boundaries closer together, they observed an increased contribution from higher-energy electrons. unit of heat is Joules, denoted by J. of the conductor remaining unchanged then. The total of the currents is zero if the currents entering the junction are positive and the currents exiting the junction are negative. This equation is also known as Joules equation of electrical heating. (1 calorie=4.18 Joule) That formula is given by the product of the mass, heat capacity and change in temperature. Electric Power Formula. (1 calorie=4.18 Joule). In this case, we see J/g or Joules per gram, which refers to units of heat energy disbursed over the mass of an object. The kettle, heater, toaster, electric iron, etc. In a paper published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the MIT researchers identify the underlying property that makes certain topological materials a potentially more efficient thermoelectric material, compared to existing devices. The latent heat equation is used for finding out how much heat is added to change a substance's phase. You can see in the diagram on your screen that the temperature of a substance goes up as more heat is added to it. Q = mC p T. While past work has suggested that topological materials may serve as efficient thermoelectric systems, there has been little understanding as to how electrons in such topological materials would travel in response to temperature differences in order to produce a thermoelectric effect. 2: Determine how much heat energy is lost if 50 Kg water is cooled from 600\degreeC to 200\degreeC. Heat has always been used interchangeably with temperature, which is entirely wrong since the temperature is a measure of hotness or the coldness of a material. = 20.25 J. Q. Q1) Calculate the heat energy produced in resistance of 5 when 3 A current flows through it for 2 minutes. The amount of energy that can be generated depends on the particular transport properties of the electrons in a given material. This is referred to as the thermal effect of electric current. It is exactly proportional to the conductor's resistance. When an electric current tends to flow in the conductor, electrical energy tends to get expended to overcome the frictional resistance between the molecules and the electrons in the wire. Thus, we are calculating a rate at which energy is being converted into heat inside a conductor. The heat energy of Earth is also called geothermal energy. To avoid this sort of mishap, a conducting wire with a low melting point is connected in series with the circuit. This year's fellows will work across research areas including telemonitoring, human-computer interactions, operations research, AI-mediated socialization, and chemical transformations. Whenever an electric current gets passed through the conductor, it produces heat because of the hindrance caused due to the conductor to the current flowing. T = temperature. C = Q/mT. The flow due to the temperature difference between the two objects is called heat. =Fuel consumed (MT)X GCV (kcal/kg)of fuel/Power generation/MWH. With advancements in thermoelectric technology, this sustainable solution might one day become a reality. Electric heating is the process of yielding heat energy from the chemical elements on the external electric energy passes. In general, the study of heat conduction is based on several principles. How is energy transferred in an electric circuit? In simpler words, whenever an electric current is allowed to pass through a purely resistive conductor, the energy of that current is entirely dissipated in the form of heat energy, and as a result, the conductor tends to get heated up. The passage of current heats the coil, which is subsequently transmitted to the metallic component through mica. Tin telluride is just one example of many topological materials that have yet to be explored. We already know that power via a circuit is equal to the voltage multiplied by current: P=IV. As a result, the filament of the bulb releases light and heat. The amount of heat produced is related to the resistance of the substance through which the current travels. The rate of flow of charge. Unlike lithium-ion batteries used in cellphones and laptops, the liquid-sodium batteries wont lose their capacity quickly.. Specifically, for tin telluride and possibly other topological materials, the results suggest that electrons with higher energy have a shorter mean free path, while lower-energy electrons usually possess a longer mean free path. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. = 2475 kcal/kwh. Heat energy is a form of energy that is constantly misunderstood. The total heat input in the power plant for releasing electrical energy can also be . Kwh, then heat rate can be calculated as, =55 X 1000 X 4500/ (100 X 1000) =2475 kcal/kwh. Electrical fuses are used in all electrical circuits in all structures. The total of the changes in electric potentials along any closed loop in a dc circuit is zero if the electric potential is negative in the direction of electric current and the rise in potential is positive. If there is a suitable fuse in the circuit, it will blow and break the circuit. It is associated with every matter on Earth, whether volcanoes or the human body.It results from the movement of tiny particles called atoms and can be transferred from one object to another. where {eq}Q {/eq} is the heat added or removed, {eq}m {/eq} is the mass of the object or substance, {eq}c {/eq} is the specific heat and {eq}\Delta T {/eq} is the change in temperature. Learn about heat, temperature and related formulas, with examples. Heat is a form of energy transferred from hot substances to cold ones. We will now explain the heating effect of electric current. flashcard sets, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Finally, how heat and temperature interact in a substance can also be viewed graphically in something called a heating curve, which shows the relationship between temperature and heat added. As heat is added temperature goes up, except during the horizontal parts of the curve where all the heat is going into changing the substance's phase instead. This occurs spontaneously until the two objects are at thermal equilibrium. The formula for heat transferred by the process of convection is expressed as: Q = H c A(T Hot-T Cold) Where, Q is heat . 4. Getting a heat pump can slash your oil usage by 300 gallons. For that we use the latent heat formula. Thermal energy, or heat, can be calculated using the heat formula. This heating effect is dependent on three factors which are as follows. . The larger the temperature difference, the more electric current is produced, and the more power is generated. Today, thermoelectric devices are used for relatively low-power applications, such as powering small sensors along oil pipelines, backing up batteries on space probes, and cooling minifridges. Heat rate is commonly used in power plants in order to indicate their efficiencies. The coil is coiled around grooves formed of ceramic or china clay. This results in a larger voltage difference that can be generated. The specific heat formula that you can see on your screen tells us how much added heat (Q) it takes to change a substance's temperature. 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After many theories and experiments, it was concluded that heat energy is the energy transferred from a hotter body to a colder one, i.e., from a body with a higher temperature to a body with a lower temperature. As a result of the EUs General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Latent heat (l) is the heat required to change a substance's phase per unit mass. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? An error occurred trying to load this video. The time it takes for an electric current to pass through a conductor is directly proportional to the time it takes for the current to flow through the conductor. Therefore heat is the measure of kinetic energy possessed by the particles in a given system. Now the question is how to calculate heat energy. In this lesson, we're going to show how heat affects temperature and phase changes in substances. After analyzing a full-scale building model, six cases of the heat-flow density versus temperature rise in indoor environments were obtained. The amount of, Heating Effect of Electric Current Formula. When the current increases, the wire melts due to overheating, causing the electrical circuit to break. These temperature intervals were chosen because above 0o C ice melts. This heat is measured in terms of power, which corresponds to energy per unit time. Specifically, they found that lower-energy electrons tend to have a negative impact on the generation of a voltage difference, and therefore electric current. 3. The same heating effect is used in the electric bulbs which make for the alternative of the conventional lamps. This is referred to as the heating effect of current. . Requested URL: byjus.com/electricity-formulas/, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.5060.114 Safari/537.36 Edg/103.0.1264.49. The practical unit of heat energy is calorie. Heat energy can be mathematically represented as, c is the specific heat (in calorie per gram degree celsius), \(\Delta T\) is the temperature change (in degree Celsius), Further, Calorie can be converted into Joules. Now researchers at MIT have discovered a way to increase that efficiency threefold, using topological materials, which have unique electronic properties. A French chemist, Antoine Lavoisier, theorised that heat was a substance with mass, meaning that heat transfer involves the transfer of an actual substance between two bodies. Some of them are listed below-. 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Heat pumps use electricity, so operating one will raise your power bills. 's' : ''}}, The terms heat and temperature are often used interchangeably in everyday life. Whenever an electric current gets passed through the conductor, it tends to generate heat because of the hindrance that is caused due to the conductor to the current flowing inside. A credit line must be used when reproducing images; if one is not provided This happens because all the heat at this point is going into changing the phase of the substance instead of making it hotter. Dividing by 250 (the normal wattage per linear foot) equals 6.84 feet of baseboard heater required. q = rate of heat flow in the way normal to the surface. q = ne q = n e. where n = any integer positive or negative and e = 1.6021019C e = 1.602 10 19 C i. e., charge on an electron or proton. The value or quantity of electric resistance exerted in the conductor is denoted by R. The time for which the appliance is turned on is denoted by t. 2. The better the efficiency, the lower the heat rate. So, our heat added for ice can only be applied for -29o C to 0o C, and our heat added for water can only be applied for 0o C to 27o C.'. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Specific Heat formula is made use of to find the specific heat of any given material, its mass, heat gained or temperature difference if some of the variables are given. Thermal Physics: Overview & Examples | What is Thermal Physics? What if you could run your air conditioner not on conventional electricity, but on the suns heat during a warm summers day? We hope this article was helpful for your exam preparation regarding heat energy. Electric power can be said to be the rate at which energy gets transported to or from a part of an electric circuit. The time duration of the current flow: If the current flows for a longer time, the amount of heat generated is higher. Thermoelectric devices are made from materials that can convert a temperature difference into electricity, without requiring any moving parts a quality that makes thermoelectrics a potentially appealing source of electricity. Thus, The heat produced H = I2 R t joules. In our mind heat and temperature seem to mean the same thing. Solved Example. Whats more, the researchers found that decreasing tin tellurides average grain size to about 10 nanometers produced three times the amount of electricity that the material would have produced with larger grains. The formula heat energy describes the amount of heat transferred from one object to another. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you That is, with smaller grain sizes, higher-energy electrons contribute much more to the materials electrical conduction than lower-energy electrons, as they have shorter mean free paths and are less likely to scatter against grain boundaries. Electrons with long mean free paths will scatter strongly, like bullets ricocheting off a wall, while electrons with shorter mean free paths are much less affected. Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives license. The heat rate is the entire amount of energy required by an electric generator or power plant to create one kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity. Ground heat flux (G) is an intrinsic component of SEB (Sauer and Horton, 2005), affecting the net available energy for ET (the equivalent water depth of latent heat flux, LE) and sensible heat flux (H). This states the heat transferred is the product of the mass, heat capacity and change in temperature. These wires are utilised in the manufacture of electric fuses. To characterize electron transport, scientists often use a measurement called the mean free path, or the average distance an electron with a given energy would freely travel within a material before being scattered by various objects or defects in that material. Power (W) = Current (I) Voltage (V) - (Equation 1) The units of power are Watt indicated by 'W'. 5. W ork done =charge potential W o r k d o n e = c h a r g e p o t e n t i a l or . 107 lessons Define the heating effect of electric current. Also, heat energy associated with the phase change can be given as, L is the latent heat of the substance (in Joule per Kilogram)m is the mass of the substance (in kilogram). Boyle's Law Equation, Example & Problems | Pressure and Volume Relationship, What is Specific Heat Capacity? The amount of heat produced by the conductor is given by the formula: Q . The filament bulb gets white hot due to the high quantity of heat produced. Where, Q is the heat variable, (cal or J) m is the mass of the object, C p is the specific heat constant and (J/g) T is the temperature change. There are two different types of latent heat: latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization. Position Vector Use, Formula, and Examples | What is a Position Vector? Finally, let's make a quick note about how our temperature intervals for T, or the final temperature minus initial temperature, were chosen. Expect an increase between $50 and $100 for running a single unit (or one-to-one) heat pump. Nanostructured materials resemble a patchwork of tiny crystals, each with borders, known as grain boundaries, that separate one crystal from another. The process of electrical energy to heat energy is electric heating. Where, Q is the heat gained or lost T is the temperature difference. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Explain the applications of electric current? While the specific heat formula tells us how much heat it takes to raise a substance's temperature, it does not tell us how much heat it takes to change a substance's phase. What is the thermal effect of electric current? The coil is coiled around grooves formed of ceramic or china clay. A coil made of high resistance nichrome wire is used in an electric heater. succeed. As given in the problem, Mass, m = 1 Kg, Specific heat of iron, C = 0.45. The team then looked at how these electron properties affect tin tellurides thermoelectric performance, by essentially summing up the thermoelectric contributions from electrons with different energies and mean free paths. This research was supported in part by the Solid-State Solar Thermal Energy Conversion Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center of U.S. Department of Energy; and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The heat transferred can be calculated by using the heat formula. Application of Heating Effect of Electric Current. The calculations for the numbers we're working are. Adding 10 percent for a window equals 1425.6 watts. Specifically, they found that lower-energy electrons tend to have a negative impact on the generation of a voltage difference, and therefore electric current. The amount of work done to overcome this hindrance to the electric current produces heat in that specific conductor. When current travels through the coil, it heats up, which is then utilised to heat cooking containers. In this section today, we will learn about the heating effect of electric current definition and the application of the heating effect of current. x = distance measured normal to the surface. For example, the most significant example of heat energy is the sun in our solar system. I think topological materials are very good for thermoelectric materials, and our results show this is a very promising material for future applications, Liu says. The calculation runs like this: 144 square feet multiplied by 9 watts equals 1296 watts. Heat is properly measured in joules, and temperature is measured in degrees Kelvin, also called simply "kelvin" or "K.". In their simulations, the researchers found that tin tellurides electron characteristics have a significant impact on their mean free paths. Already have an account? Heat Energy Types, Facts & Examples | What is Thermal Energy? The energy of the particle from the one system to other system is transferred when these systems are brought into contact with one another. The following gadgets use the heating effect of electricity for various purposes: CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12. The phenomenon is reversible: If electricity is applied to a thermoelectric device, it can produce a temperature difference. are all functions based on the heating effect of the electric current. When we combine this formula with Ohm's Law, V=IR, we can calculate the power wasted in a single resistor. Heat Units Physics: The SI unit of heat energy is joule (J). At the point when an electric flow moves through a conveyor, it creates heat due to the conductor's impedance to the flowing current. The electrons in tin telluride also exhibit peculiar properties that mimic a class of topological materials known as Dirac materials. We need to convert our temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius. When current travels through the coil, it heats up, which is then utilised to heat cooking containers. The amount of work done to overcome this hindrance to the electric current produces heat in that specific conductor. Latent heat can either be latent heat of fusion for changing between a solid and a liquid, or latent heat of vaporization for changing between a liquid and a gas. There are three methods of heat transfer, as discussed below: The illustration showing all three methods together is as follows-, There are various uses of heat energy in our daily life. Ltd.: All rights reserved, Learn the Relation Between G and g & Their Derivation, Lindlar Catalyst: Learn the Concept, Preparation, Reaction Mechanism, & Uses, Critical Velocity: Learn its Formula, Types, & Importance, Proton: Learn its Properties, Structure, & Mass, Decantation: Learn its Definition, Process, Procedure, & Applications. Phase changes happen when a substance goes from a solid to a liquid to a gas and vice versa. Here, Q is the amount of heat added to the system. Based on the tests, a simple predictive formula for the heat-flow density over time was established. Heat transfer can be defined as the process of transfer of heat from an object at a higher temperature to another object at a lower temperature. Heat Formula in Thermodynamics: The equation for calculating heat energy is. This article will discuss the concept of heat energy with its various aspects. Given below are all the formulas used for class 10 electricity chapter. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. As a result, the internal temperature is increased. It is proportional to the square of the delivered current, the electrical resistance of the item, and the time spent using it. Q = \(mc\Delta T\) Derivation of Specific Heat Formula. The time rate of heat flow into a region V is given by a time-dependent quantity q t (V). The annual campus event provided ample reason to feel holiday cheer and included a surprise honor for outgoing President L. Rafael Reif. Q=67.5 J. Burning fuel for automobiles and other places contributes to Earths heat energy. Line 1 to Line 2 = 220 - 218 = 2 V. Line 2 to Line 3 = 228 - 220 = 8 V. Line 3 to Line 1 = 220 - 214 = 6 V. Step Four - Take the largest imbalance found by step three and divide it by the average volts found in step two. 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