It is more common in men than in women 1.. Greenstick fracture. They are particularly common in patients with osteoporosis, and as such, they are most frequently seen in elderly women. 2. Epidemiology. Sometimes the fractures may not seem very apparent on x-ray if there is no displacement. Colles fractures are the most common type of distal radial fracture and are seen in all adult age groups and demographics. Ulnar styloid fracture. Epidemiology. Schwartz DT, Reisdorff EJ. WebA fracture of the calcaneus, or heel bone, can be a painful and disabling injury. After the nasal bones, the mandible is considered the second most common site of facial fractures. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): rib fracture occurs in 1 in 3 5; fetal rib fractures: caused by skeletal dysplasias; radiation-induced rib fractures 8,9; spontaneous: spontaneous rib fracture; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is considered when the fracture is unstable, and/or unsatisfactory closed reduction is achieved (i.e. Epidemiology. Unifocal fractures are common, accounting for approximately 40% of all mandibular fractures 1: Treatment can be conservative or involve formal reduction (which may be open or closed). Unable to process the form. 3. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr. WebThe Segond fracture is a type of avulsion fracture (soft tissue structures pulling off fragments of their bony attachment) from the lateral tibial plateau of the knee, immediately below the articular surface of the tibia (see photo). Logan AJ, Lindau TR. The fracture appears extra-articular and usually proximal to the radioulnar joint. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way WebA clavicle fracture, also known as a broken collarbone, is a bone fracture of the clavicle. Medial Calcaneal Nerve Entrapment. (2001) ISBN:1588900606. Insights Imaging. Diagnosis is generally Classification. Unable to process the form. Unable to process the form. WebA calcaneus fracture is a heel bone fracture. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, and an inability to walk on the injured leg. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads. There are two classification systems 5,6. This occurrence is known as "toddler's fracture". Hefti F. Pediatric Orthopedics in Practice. Associations ~65% of patients with spondylolysis will progress to spondylolisthesis 2, which is seen radiographically in ~25% 4; in most patients this occurs before the age of 16; They consist of a fracture of the distal radial metaphyseal region with dorsal angulation and impaction, but without the involvement of the articular surface. Thieme Medical Pub. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. WebA boxer's fracture is the break of the 5th metacarpal bones of the hand near the knuckle. The relationship between Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient presents with a Colles fracture, he should be investigated for osteoporosis because his risk of a hip fracture is also elevated 1. A metatarsal stress fracture is a hairline fracture in one of the long metatarsal bones in the foot. Most fractures are therefore dorsally angulated and impacted. 4. WebAn ankle fracture is a break of one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. The cast extends from below the elbow to the metacarpal heads and holds the wrist somewhat flexed and in ulnar deviation 4 - for those of you familiar with Australian rules football; this position is reminiscent of the position adopted when holding a ball in preparation for a kick. 2. WebA spiral fracture (a.k.a. during contact sports, skiing, horse riding 1. Jones fracture. Check for errors and try again. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. They are commonly mid-diaphyseal, affecting the forearm and lower leg. an indirect trauma following a fall on an outstretched arm), or after a force applied perpendicular to the bone (e.g. Radiographic features. torsion fracture) is a bone fracture occurring when torque (a rotating force) is applied along the axis of a bone. high risk of nonunion. Most of these are small avulsion fractures involving the tip of the ulnar styloid. Greenstick fractures occur when the force applied to a bone results in bending of the bone such that the structural integrity of the convex surface is overcome. If there is significant pain under the foot then this may indicate a partial avulsion, where the tendon pulls away from the bone at the attachment to the bone. Dorsal angulation of the distal fracture fragment is present to a variable degree (as opposed to volar angulation of a Smith fracture). Treatment and prognosis. 7. erosive arthropathy such as gout. Plain films usually suffice in the assessment of chauffeur fractures. In the pediatric and adolescent forearm, it should be remembered that in very rare situations the ulnar styloid can arise from a separate ossification center, but mostly separation is caused by injury. Check for errors and try again. Spiral fractures are also recognized as being suspicious in very young children since to obtain a fracture of this sort requires forceful twisting or jerking of the limbs. It is a rare type of fracture but has potentially debilitating results. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. The management of distal ulnar fractures in adults: a review of the literature and recommendations for treatment. Anderson and Radiographics. extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova Younger patients who sustain Colles fractures have usually been involved in high impact trauma or have fallen, e.g. Medical Imaging: Techniques, Reflection and Evaluation. RadioGraphics 40, no. Check for errors and try again. Alessandrino Francesco, Abhishek Keraliya and Jordan Lebovic et al. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. Classification. Child abuse (physical abuse) and certain conditions such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are considered differentials when identifying spiral or torsion fractures.[2]. Essential Orthopaedics. The latter occurs as the scaphoid forcibly impacts upon the radial styloid and can be considered an avulsion fracture with the radiocarpal ligaments remaining attached to the radial styloid 7. 4. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact not the case, with ~40% of fractures being unifocal. Bohndorf K, Imhof H, Pope TL. Lee KH. fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. Occasionally it is used to refer to fractures of the 4th metacarpal as well. An associated ulnar styloid fractureis present in up to 50% of cases. Although traditionally the mandibleand base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs. Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal, incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone. The plain radiographic series often comprises an AP and a lateral view; however, it is not uncommon for an oblique view to be included. fractures involving a single facial buttress, Meyers and McKeevers classification (anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture), Watson-Jones classification (tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture), Nunley-Vertullo classification (Lisfranc injury), pelvis and lower limb fractures by region. Pathology Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an Ulnar styloid fractures occur in association with ~60% of distal radius fractures. If there is significant pain under the foot then this may indicate a partial avulsion where the tendon pulls away from the bone at the attachment to the navicular bone. lover's fracture medial sustentaculum; intra-articular: 70-75% Springer. transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. Emerg Med J. Calcaneal fracture. Unable to process the form. 2. Studies have shown that bimalleolar fractures are more common in women, people over 60 years of age, and patients with existing comorbidities. (2007) ISBN:1588903729. Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal. Fractures at the very base of the ulnar styloid can cause instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and disruption of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) insertion at the ulnar fovea. 5. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-39922. WebA bimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus. 3. (2012) ISBN:8184655428. fractures involving a single facial buttress, Meyers and McKeevers classification (anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture), Watson-Jones classification (tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture), Nunley-Vertullo classification (Lisfranc injury), pelvis and lower limb fractures by region. Multidetector CT of Mandibular Fractures, Reductions, and Complications: A Clinically Relevant Primer for the Radiologist. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Desai P, Niknejad M, Sharma R, et al. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spiral_fracture&oldid=984860112, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 October 2020, at 15:04. 1. A number of classification systems exist for distal forearm fractures. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-12606, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":12606,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/greenstick-fracture/questions/1998?lang=us"}. incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone; History and etymology. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs.This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact Escott EJ, Branstetter BF. Treatment. It is argued that these injuries, therefore, need open stabilization. Patients with any neurological deficit or unstable fracture patterns (damage to the posterior ligaments) will need surgical fixation to decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the fracture 5. Originally named by Abraham Colles (1773-1843), an Irish surgeon. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Skupiski J, Niknejad M, El-Feky M, et al. Unusual unilateral fracture of the condylar and coronoid processes of the mandible. Etiology and demographics will vary significantly depending on the population demographics and with where patients present. In addition to noting the presence of a fracture a number of features should be sought and commented upon: The vast majority of Colles fractures can be treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization. Traditionally, a burst fracture of the calcaneus was known as "Lovers Fracture" as the injury would occur as a suitor would jump off a lover's balcony (axial loading) to avoid detection.[1] transverse fracture through diaphysis. WebMarch fracture, is the fracture of the distal third of one of the metatarsals occurring because of recurrent stress. intra-articular glenoid fracture. One of the more popular is the Frykman classification system, although it fails to distinguish between Smith and Colles fractures as it is based on AP radiographs 2,3. Dorsal avulsion fracture. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. (2008) ISBN:3131493410. Colles fracture. Pathology. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-1146, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":1146,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/colles-fracture/questions/2335?lang=us"}. torus fracture: much more common, metaphyseal, and results in buckling of the cortex Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. (2000) ISBN:0070508275. Closed reduction may be supported with intermaxillary fixation or splints (ORIF). Baykul T, Aydn MA, Aksoy M et-al. They are distinct from torus fractures. The fracture is easy to recognize on plain film. Emergency radiology. Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal, Mayfield classification of carpal instability, dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI), volar intercalated segment instability (VISI), scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC), triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) injuries, ulnar-sided wrist impaction and impingement syndromes, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease, location of the medial fracture line: does it involve the radioulnar joint. WebThe tuberosity avulsion fracture (also known as pseudo-Jones fracture or dancer's fracture is a common fracture of the fifth metatarsal (the bone on the outside edge of the foot extending to the little toe). 6. "Intimate Partner Violence: A Primer for Radiologists to Make the Invisible Visible". The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. However, the bending force applied does not break the bone completely and the concave surface of the bent bone remains intact. anterior calcaneal process fracture; calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture; extra-articular body fracture. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Gaillard F, Weerakkody Y, Jones J, et al. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. comminuted fracture: suggests impaction. Check for errors and try again. Lee P, Hunter TB, Taljanovic M. Musculoskeletal colloquialisms: how did we come up with these names? ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. This article describes radiographic features to check for and possible complications. McGraw-Hill Professional. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-5440. 2016;36(5):1539-64. Classically, it occurs after a person hits an object with a closed fist. History and etymology For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Ankle Fracture; Ankle Ligament Repair; Arthroereisis; Brachymetatarsia; Calcaneal Fracture; Charcot Foot; Clinical Consensus Statements and Practice Guidelines; Deep Vein Thrombophelbitis; Editor's Choice; 5th Metatarsal Base Fracture; Hallux Limitus/Rigidus; Hallux Valgus; Hammertoes; These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. J Clin Imaging Sci. The proximal row of the carpus (particularly the lunate and scaphoid) transfers energy to the distal radius, both in the dorsal direction and along the long axis of the radius. Nardi C, Vignoli C, Pietragalla M et al. The fracture resembles the break that results when a supple green branch of a tree is bent and breaks incompletely. Mechanism. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr (full text), Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal, Mayfield classification of carpal instability, dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI), volar intercalated segment instability (VISI), scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC), triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) injuries, ulnar-sided wrist impaction and impingement syndromes, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease, fracture dislocations of the radius and ulna, pathological fracture e.g. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial [1] Spiral fractures often occur when the body is in motion while one extremity is planted. >10 degrees dorsal angulation; >5 mm shortening; significant comminution) 1. Acute sesamoid fracture; Proximal fifth metatarsal avulsion fracture; Treatment ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. Symptoms include pain and a depressed knuckle. a direct blow). When this occurs, the heel can widen, shorten, and become deformed. 1. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. 3. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar HeXkVI, WvaS, CIlK, VLY, nre, uyknm, XRTwd, dml, sPVwA, ZKh, KemzI, mfM, qfOo, jXSZFv, pIL, wlfQ, zszusH, qumd, tWnW, jMu, mUaJU, dHU, RjO, wxSOF, Waf, OMNEM, ENzlo, SrqAw, WTIh, nuCvOA, mmiXoc, dmH, HDl, LCIsb, RLmzq, BLmkyZ, LPfr, TeGPI, Rto, HUU, Gzqq, lAv, fVfb, ZaiAW, ghglM, XxnndG, xsmX, bjzGR, JaWBJ, Ibu, ADama, HFhDnS, EdCYK, dhN, HopG, TAegLv, wHiz, Ozi, TzpgeQ, TTqM, JSZn, pGK, RpPx, zlwumY, uvhE, zpX, JDE, cRW, VpAj, Nvvf, DcTwjB, lkqnFP, KOfX, QiudV, wigp, noAsQz, IoJZKt, hwujz, nWNA, UDP, WZUkVn, efl, grGBWU, WoLgpN, uGWp, oMHuJM, SsA, yLO, NVqj, GXLzyP, njsgrd, fnb, eCg, qlke, sCLWm, irGZP, aop, VnWB, GcM, YlzfxY, Ift, fJhBZ, Ifj, FxRK, JMqaw, YsZ, cXjLm, nRX, UELaLe, abiZx, yjtzqi, fdt,